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See, that’s what the app is perfect for.

Sounds perfect Wahhhh, I don’t wanna
mayadile iceb0x-official
lizardtitties:
“ mokoudraws:
“ mokou:
“ someting for a friend
”
i just want to say, for people reblogging this, that this is called the “rule of thirds” and the tips i wrote here by no means are things that you HAVE to do! these are just tips i use...
mokou

someting for a friend

mokoudraws

i just want to say, for people reblogging this, that this is called the “rule of thirds” and the tips i wrote here by no means are things that you HAVE to do! these are just tips i use for myself, i kind of made up the bubble rule and i dont even know if im using the rule right haha so there theres that! i just like to use it so i know my bubbles have a place to go

examples of me using rule of thirds to separate elements in “Rachael and Penny”

i got the information a long time ago from a thread on penciljack called Storytelling 101, specifically this image

there is tons of information on rule of thirds available, i know eyecager has a post that dips into it ….

lizardtitties

This is also hella useful for photography composition, especially for landscape and architecture shots

Source: foodstain ref
historicalfirearms historicalfirearms
historicalfirearms

Mayall’s Patent Bolt-Action Breech Loader

In 1863 the British Board of Ordnance set up a committee to explore how the Enfield 1893 Pattern Rifle Musket could be adapted into a breech loading rifle. The American Jacob Snider’s system was ultimately chosen in 1864 but a large number of breech loading systems were developed and submitted. 

Another American engineer also developed a breech loading system using an early bolt-action. Thomas Jefferson Mayall, a prolific inventor, who had over 200 American and 70 British patents to his name including manufacturing machines and improvements to gun carriages and even a breech loading cannon. Both his cannon and his rifle and revolver designs were exhibited to some clamour at the 1865 Wimbledon Rifle Meeting. The photographs above show his rifle’s action in various stages of operation. The external hammer is brought to half cock and the bolt handle is then lifted and retracted opening the breech. Once a cartridge is loaded the bolt is again pushed forward and locked. The bolt handle itself acts as a locking-lug along with another lug near to the breech. The hammer is then brought to full cock and when the trigger was pulled the hammer fell upon a firing pin which ignited the cartridge.

Patent drawing for T.J. Mayall’s breech loading action

The rifle was chambered in self contained .577 cartridge (not the later Snider .577 boxer round formalised in 1867) and while it is unclear how many rifles using Mayall’s design were made examples of both rifles and carbines exist (see below). The rifle featured in the photographs above has the number ‘543′ stamped on the bolt handle but it is unclear if this is a serial number and how much of an indication of numbers produced it gives. Interestingly the carbine pictured below has been numbered ‘638’. A contemporary news article reports that Mayall’s rifle was offered as the winner’s prize at a marksmanship competition held by the 2nd Cheshire Volunteers Rifles in September 1882 which indicates that not only was the rifle in production into the 1880s (after the Martini-Henry had entered service) but that it was still a converted rifle to win. Interestingly the rifle pictured above has been very roughly stamped with the maker’s name on the bolt (see image #4).

Mayall’s Patent Carbine & Rifle (source)

The rifle pictured has a ladder sight as do many other examples. Other examples have been noted to have a 37 inch long barrel with five groove rifling. Although in all  likelihood Mayall developed and intended to offer his system for trial, the Board of Ordnance’s Records show that Mayall’s rifle was not one of the seven rifles eventually tested. The rifles tested came from six different gunmakers including: Green, Shepard, Snider, Storm, Wilson and Westley Richards. However, Mayall patented his design in Britain in April 1865 perhaps with the hopes of marketing it in Europe. Mayall died in May 1888 at the age of 60. His seemingly practicable design has the distinction of being one the first bolt action self-contained cartridge rifles. The rifle trials eventually selected the Snider system which was adopted in 1865 which was in turn replaced by the Martini-Henry in 1871.

Sources:

Transitional Rifles - TJ Mayall’s Patent (source

Cheshire Observer - 16th September 1882

West London Observer - 29th July 1865

.577 Mayall’s Patent Experimental Bolt-Action Centre-Fire Rifled Carbine (source)

.577 Mayall’s Patent Experimental Bolt-Action Centre-Fire Rifle Musket (source)

Thanks also to www.researchpress.co.uk for the invaluable help finding Mayall’s patent and other information. 


This post is part of a series of collaborations with Chuck Kramer of Gunlab who was kind enough to provide the photographs used in this article.


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history military history firearms history firearms design bolt action rifle bolt action early breech loaders breechloader tj mayall jacob snider thomas j mayall rifle firearms development prototypes antique guns rare guns .577 snider pattern 1853 enfield rifle enfield p1853 blast from the past